Green HRM in Sri Lankan and Global Banks: A Comparative Perspective

Introduction

This blog examines how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is driving sustainability in Sri Lankan and global banks. It explores how HR practices integrate environmental responsibility, employee engagement, and green operations. The discussion highlights both local and international examples to demonstrate HRM’s strategic role in promoting sustainable banking.

Overview of the Banking Sector in Sri Lanka

The banking industry dominates Sri Lanka's financial system, accounting for 61.9% of total financial assets in 2024. It has 30 licensed banks, including 24 commercial banks and six specialized banks. The sector maintained high capital and liquidity levels, exceeding regulatory standards. Banks added 13 new branches and 368 ATMs this year. Total assets increased by 8.7% year on year, driven mostly by increased investments and financial stability measures. Banks' investments and financing activities assist government operations and long-term economic growth, indicating their vital role in the country's overall development. 

The Role of the Banking Sector in Economic Development

Financial Intermediation: Banks play a crucial role in channeling funds from savers to borrowers. By mobilizing deposits from households and businesses, they transform idle funds into productive capital. This process enables businesses to expand, invest in new projects, and meet operational needs. In turn, it stimulates economic growth, encourages entrepreneurship, and increases overall consumption in the economy.

Credit for key sectors: Banks provide targeted funding to key areas such as tourism, industry, agriculture, and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). Banks support these sectors to create jobs, develop innovation, and promote inclusive economic growth. Access to credit enables enterprises to preserve liquidity, expand operations, and contribute to the country's overall industrial and service growth.

Payment and Settlement Systems: Banks use advanced payment and settlement technologies to make financial transactions go smoothly and efficiently. This includes electronic payments, interbank transfers, and internet banking services. Efficient payment infrastructure enables firms to function seamlessly, lowers transaction costs, and increases trust in financial institutions. Finally, it promotes trade, commerce, and  economic efficiency.

Financial Stability and Risk Management: To defend the financial system, banks keep robust capital reserves, liquidity buffers, and solid risk management strategies in place. By efficiently managing credit, market, and operational risks, they decrease the possibility of systemic crises. A healthy banking sector instills confidence in depositors, investors, and enterprises, which is critical for long-term economic success.

Support for Government and Public Projects: Banks play an important role in funding government initiatives and public projects. They support the seamless flow of resources for national priorities by investing in government securities, funding infrastructure, and social development projects. This funding enables governments to effectively implement development objectives, enhances public welfare, and contributes to long-term economic growth.

 Green HRM as the Foundational Pillar for green Banking

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is the foundation for all sustainability activities in banks. GHRM develops a workforce capable of designing, managing, and promoting green products, driving green financing, executing effective risk management for environmental implications, and supporting environmental projects through green recruitment, training, and employee engagement programs. This human-centered foundation guarantees that sustainability is integrated into the bank's operations, improves organizational capacity to accomplish environmental goals, and increases the overall impact of the bank's green activities.

Stakeholder Expectations in Advancing Green HRM within the Banking Sector

Customers: Customers are increasingly expecting banks to demonstrate environmental responsibility by reducing paper usage, providing digital banking, maintaining green-certified facilities, and ensuring employee behaviour reflects sustainability ideals.  They prefer to work with institutions that train employees on green practices and offer environmentally friendly financial products.

  Employee: Banks should offer green training, safe and sustainable workplaces, energy-efficient offices, and environmental programs.  They also anticipate HR policies to promote sustainability, such as teleworking, waste reduction techniques, and a culture that encourages environmentally responsible behavior.

   Regulators: Banks are expected to conform with ESG rules, environmental risk management systems, and green finance taxonomy.  They also expect HR departments to increase staff capacity in environmental due diligence, climate risk assessment, and E&S (Environmental and Social) compliance.

    Shareholders: Shareholders want banks to deliver good ESG performance, which is heavily reliant on Green HRM practices like ESG training, ethical governance, and ecologically responsible operations. They choose banks that provide transparent sustainability reporting and long-term green initiatives.

   Community: Communities expect banks to limit their environmental impact through conservation efforts, green building designs, waste management, carbon-reduction pledges, and responsible lending (for example, renewable energy finance). Society desires fair labor practices and sustainable corporate behavior.

    International agencies:  These groups expect banks to incorporate ESG into their HR systems by training credit officers, developing green-finance competences, and providing environmental and social safeguards. They also expect transparent sustainability reporting in accordance with global standards (IFRS S2, GRI Standards, and Equator Principles).

Green HRM Practices in Sri Lankan Banks

Sampath Bank

     Green Training and Capacity Development: Sampath Bank raises sustainability consciousness through its 'Vidvan' e-learning platform, which trains personnel, particularly credit officers, on Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) protocols. The ESMS framework is a critical instrument for the Bank to identify, assess, and manage environmental and social risks in accordance with Central Environmental Authority (CEA) recommendations. By incorporating ESMS into financing procedures, Sampath Bank assures that all financed projects meet environmental criteria. This increases HR capability for analyzing environmental hazards and develops a culture of sustainability within the bank.

Digital Transformation and Sustainability: Bank has implemented digital efforts, such as its electronic Document Approval System, e-statements, e-receipts, and web-based card issuing, to reduce paper usage, energy consumption, and emissions. By digitizing workflows, the Bank streamlines operations and incorporates sustainable practices into regular work routines. Employees are encouraged to choose these green alternatives, which reinforces the Bank's culture of environmental responsibility and operational efficiency.

Waste Management and Recycling Initiatives: The Bank aggressively manages its trash through strategic partnerships, most notably with Neptune Papers (Pvt) Limited, its principal recycling partner for paper waste. These efforts seek to reduce environmental impact while increasing staff understanding of responsible resource use. Sampath Bank encourages worker participation in sustainability measures through recycling programs, thereby integrating green behavior into business culture.

Reforestation and Carbon Offset Projects: Sampath Bank supports reforestation programs that improve ecological balance and carbon sequestration. The "Gasai Mamai Pubudu Pothai" tree-planting initiative promotes reforestation and environmental sustainability by recovering degraded land. Such preventive and restorative efforts help to address climate change while incorporating employees and local communities, thereby instilling environmental consciousness in the workforce.

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation: The Bank promotes biodiversity and ecosystem restoration through projects such as "A Breath to the Ocean," which focuses on coral, turtle, and mangrove restoration, and the biodiversity conservation project in Halgahawala, Opatha, Galle. Furthermore, the "Wewata Jeewayak" tank restoration initiative revitalizes water-based ecosystems. These projects not only safeguard natural habitats, but also encourage employee participation in environmental stewardship, which aligns with Green HRM goals.

Awards:2025 – Best Bank for ESG in Sri Lanka /2025 – Silver Award – Environmentally Friendly Private Institution (Presidential Environmental Awards)

                                                                                                                 Source: (Sampath Bank, 2024)

The video below showcases how Sampath Bank celebrated World Environment Day 2025 together with its staff, highlighting their active participation in green initiatives and the Bank’s strong commitment to environmental responsibility.

                             (Source :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1N0yJMKv3a4)

The image below illustrates the progress of Sampath Bank’s Wewata Jeewayak programme, highlighting the restoration of irrigation tanks and the positive impact on local communities and sustainable agriculture.

                                                               source : (Sampath Bank,2024)
Commercial Bank

Greening Highlights: The Commercial Bank of Ceylon received Gold as Sri Lanka's 'Green Brand of the Year' at the 2024 Brand Excellence Awards from the Sri Lanka Institute of Marketing (SLIM), acknowledging its significant commitment to sustainability. Key initiatives include the 2023 launch and completion, within a year, of the 'Trees for Tomorrow' program, which planted 100,000 trees in ecologically significant sites and pledged to plant another 100,000. The Bank successfully decreased CO₂ emissions by 233,918 tons, reduced paper usage by 47.57%, recycled 286,240 kg of paper, and added 82 solar-powered branches.

Green Milestones: The Commercial Bank has formed partnerships with the University of Jaffna, the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, and PLANT (Preserving Land and Nature) of the Wildlife and Nature Protection Society (WNPS) to carry out tree planting and reforestation projects in Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Kalutara, and Maskeliya. PLANT is a conservation trust dedicated to protecting and restoring degraded lands, connecting forest corridors for biodiversity, and engaging local communities in long-term conservation activities. The Bank also supports 100 hectares of reforestation in the Kandegama forest in Polonnaruwa, mangrove restoration in Koggala, marine turtle conservation in Panama, and beach maintenance and clean-up initiatives in Kalutara and throughout Sri Lanka, actively involving its employees in these environmental efforts.

Sustainability Training and Communication: Internal communication technologies like ComPulse improve employees' comprehension of sustainable practices. Workshops on the 4R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover) and Circular Economy concepts raise employee understanding and involvement. These initiatives foster a strong sustainability culture across the Bank's operations. As a pioneering institution committed to sustainability, the Bank recognizes its obligation to promote the country's long-term development while minimizing its environmental impact. To deepen this commitment, the Bank developed the Future Force Group, which serves as a collaborative platform for employees, customers, and other stakeholders to drive sustainability initiatives through innovation, information sharing, and active engagement.

Driving Environmental Sustainability: The Bank's green activities prioritize preventive, regenerative, and restorative environmental projects that fit with SDGs 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 13 (Climate Action). By incorporating best sustainability practices into its operations, the Bank hopes to transform its ecosystem into a green powerhouse, ensuring that all green alternatives implemented contribute to environmental protection and long-term ecological restoration.

                                                                                                        Source: (Commercial Bank , 2024)

Awards: 2024 -SLIM Brand Excellence Awards - Gold: Green Brand of the Year/2024 - IDB Green Industry Awards - Gold: Low Carbon / Climate Resilient Production.2024 - IDB Green Industry Awards - Gold: Green Digital & Information Technologies/2024 -IDB Green Industry Awards -Bronze: Inclusive Business Development/2022 - Green Building Council of Sri Lanka - Gold Green Building Award (Trincomalee Branch)/2020 -IFC CAFI Climate Impact Awards/2019 - Green Building Council of Sri Lanka - Excellent Green Commitment Award (Commercial Bank , 2024).

The video below showcases how Commercial Bank’s digital banking services help reduce harmful emissions, noise pollution, and paper waste, contributing to the protection of our valuable ecosystem for future generations.

                                 (Source :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5Ztij9YFLM)

Bank of Ceylon

Green Emissions: BOC reached a significant milestone in 2024 by obtaining ISO 14064-1:2018 certification for GHG emission measuring and reporting. The independent verification for 2023 revealed a 28% reduction in carbon footprint compared to 2022, with total emissions of 19,030 tCO₂e. In 2024, emission intensity remained steady at 0.04 tCO₂e per million rupees, despite increased energy and solar usage.

Green Energy: BOC's solarisation effort accelerated in 2024, with its branch network's solar capacity increasing dramatically to 4,581.5 MWh (up from 3,245.3 MWh in 2023). So far, the bank has converted 73 branches to solar power and is working on 30 more, with a total capacity of 4.5 MW. This clean energy powers branch operations and adds surplus to the national grid.

Green infrastructure: In 2024, BOC increased its green building footprint. All new building projects adhere to Green Building Council (GBC) standards, and the bank's City Office in Colombo-Fort received a Silver Award for green efficiency from the Green Building Awards.

Green Engagement: In 2023-2024, BOC strengthened its corporate sustainability culture by extending its home gardening campaign to branches: in 2023, 332 branches and 148 employees actively cultivated local products on bank grounds. The bank recently reiterated its "sustainability pledge," which entails instilling green ideals in its workforce and encouraging employees to embrace its environmental objectives.

BOC's Green Products: Bank of Ceylon's sustainable banking program provides a variety of green financial products, including loans for solar power systems, hybrid inverters and batteries, electric bicycles, electric motor bicycles, and biogas units, with financing covering 70-75% of project costs and repayment terms ranging from 2 to 7 years. Furthermore, the e Thuru Green Savings Account allows users to save while supporting green initiatives by providing interest, digital statements, and recognition via a Green Certificate.

                                                                                                            Source:(Bank of Ceylon, 2024)

Awards: ISO 14064-1:2018 Certification for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting/Green Business Leadership Award (Banking Sector) - 2023 and 2024/ Green Commitment Excellence of the Year -2023/ Silver Award for Green Efficiency - City Office (Fort)/Green Business Leadership of the Year - 2022/Gold Award - Wadduwa Branch -Green Building Awards 2022- (Bank of Ceylon, 2024).

Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka's Green Finance Taxonomy: The Central Bank of Sri Lanka created the Sri Lanka Green Finance Taxonomy in 2022, with IFC support, to steer sustainable investments and prevent greenwashing. The Taxonomy categorizes activities, assets, and revenue streams that help to achieve major sustainability goals, with a focus on climate mitigation, adaptation, and other green objectives. Agriculture, construction, tourism, energy, water, and waste management are among the top priority sectors. It complies with international standards through the IPSF Common Ground Taxonomy, which harmonizes European and Chinese frameworks(Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2024).

Partnerships: CBSL forms strong green collaborations with both global and local institutions, including the IFC/World Bank, UNDP, and the Sustainable Banking and Finance Network (SBFN). These collaborations help to develop Sri Lanka's Sustainable Finance Roadmap and Green Finance Taxonomy by offering technical expertise and financing for climate-related initiatives. CBSL's partnerships increase the national capacity to expand green finance, boost renewable-energy investments, and promote environmentally sustainable financial practices across the country.

Green Products: CBSL encourages the development of green financial products by establishing national standards through the Sri Lanka Green Finance Taxonomy. This allows banks to provide services such as solar energy loans, energy-efficiency financing, green bonds, and sustainable agriculture loans. These goods allocate funds to renewable energy, low-carbon transportation, and other ecologically sustainable operations throughout the country.

Capacity Building and Training: CBSL promotes Green HRM by offering sustainability-focused training through its Centre for Banking Studies (CBS). The CBS 2025 catalogue contains a "Green Finance Taxonomy for Officers of CBSL" training that teaches staff about green finance standards and environmental risk assessment. This training enhances employees' green competencies and contributes to the Bank's sustainable finance aims.

Green governance: CBSL supports green governance with the Sustainable Finance Roadmap 2.0, which outlines specific ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) initiatives and timetables. The Steering, Technical, and Stakeholder Committees supervise implementation. The Environmental & Social Commitment Plan and Project Implementation Unit handle environmental and social risks, as well as staff training, to ensure that sustainability criteria are met. The Macroprudential Surveillance Department and an external expert panel promote capacity building and the Green Finance Taxonomy, which integrate sustainability into CBSL activities.

                                                                                     Source:(Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2024)

HSBC UK

Net-zero operations by 2050: By 2050, HSBC hopes to have achieved net-zero emissions across its operations, travel, and supply chain. It is lowering its own emissions by increasing energy efficiency, transitioning to renewable energy, and utilizing carbon credits. HSBC offers tools such as the "HSBC Sustainability Tracker" and science/data-driven insights to assist SMEs in assessing and acting on their environmental effect as they move to net zero.

Sustainability Ambassadors and Employee Engagement: The bank has established a network of over 500 "sustainability ambassadors" to engage workers in climate action, educate customers, and promote sustainability internally.

Climate Solution Partnership: HSBC is collaborating with WWF and the World Resources Institute (WRI) on a $100 million program to scale nature-based solutions and expedite low-carbon technology.

£500 Million Green SME Fund: HSBC UK created a £500 million Green SME Fund to help small and medium firms migrate to a low-carbon economy. The fund offers green loans, sustainability-linked finance, and cashback incentives.

100% Renewable Energy Purchase: HSBC UK has committed to purchasing 100% of its UK electricity from renewable sources by 2023, transitioning operations to wind and solar power through power purchase agreements (PPAs).

Financing Nature with Cloud Forests: HSBC promotes nature-based finance, including a paper on financing cloud forest assets, which proposes new mechanisms for valuing and protecting ecosystems through sustainable finance. 

                                                                                                              Source: (HSBC UK, 2024)

U.S. Bank

Philanthropy & Community Engagement: U.S. Bank makes large contributions to communities through its foundation, which matches employee giving and volunteers, with a focus on climate and sustainability efforts.

Renewable Energy Tax Credit Transfers: In 2024, US Bank closed several "tax credit transfer" transactions (solar, wind, and storage) under the US Inflation Reduction Act, accelerating clean energy funding.

Environmental Finance Solutions: U.S. Bank's Impact Finance subsidiary offers flexible financing (tax equity, construction loans, term loans) for utility-scale solar, wind, rooftop solar, community solar gardens, and energy storage.

Energy Efficiency in Operations: The bank has improved the efficiency of its facilities by using LED lights, occupancy sensors, programmable thermostats, and installing rooftop solar on select offices.

Affordable homes and Climate Impact: Their Sustainable Finance team works on LIHTC and NMTC projects to develop energy-efficient homes and advance climate fairness.

                                                                                                       Source:(U.S.Bank, 2024)

DBS Bank

Green and Sustainable Trade Finance: DBS provides green trade financing options, including as green letters of credit and green guarantees, allowing businesses to fund sustainability-related supply chain projects.

Green/ESG Bond Structuring: DBS has an ESG advising team that assists clients in issuing green, transition, and sustainability-linked bonds.

Net-Zero Operational Footprint: DBS has a net-zero energy office in Singapore (DBS Newton Green), and many of its retail locations are BCA Green Mark Platinum certified.

Employee Sustainability Training: In 2023, DBS developed sustainability training courses for its employees that included ESG risk, climate strategy, and how each employee can help the bank achieve its sustainability goals.

Group Climate Governance: DBS has established a Group Climate Council to integrate climate policy into its business operations and ensure strong governance of its net-zero goal.

Decarbonization Financing Partnerships: DBS developed a financing initiative with Inditex (Zara, Pull&Bear) to assist farmers in implementing sustainable (organic) cotton growing through low-carbon procurement financing.

                                                                                                               Source:(DBS Bank, 2024)

The video below showcases the DSB ESG Ready Program, which guides organizations through five key steps: comprehensive training and upskilling, carbon assessment and strategy development, implementation of decarbonization solutions, access to green and sustainable financing, and finally, certification and assurance to validate ESG progress.

(Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g_hUT4M-rw)

 Sumitomo Mitsui Bank

Renewable Energy Use: SMBC converted its headquarters buildings to renewable electricity and intends to do the same in all key group offices.

Digital climate tools: Climanomics, a cloud application developed by the bank in collaboration with IBM and The Climate Service, assists customers in assessing climate risk and adhering to Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations.

Environmental governance: Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG ) has formed a Sustainability Committee and designated a "Group CSuO" (Chief Sustainability Officer) position. ESG and sustainability measures are included into executive compensation.

Green / Social Deposit Products: Through its Green Deposit Framework, SMBC offers “Green Deposits” whose funds are allocated to climate projects (renewables, energy efficiency), and similarly a “Social Deposit” for social impact financing.

Business Co creation for Decarbonization: SMBC connects customers with decarbonization technologies (e.g. green hydrogen) and supports their transition via project financing.

                                                                                           Source:(Sumitomo Mitsui Bank, 2024)

Bank of china

ESG-Linked Lending: BOC introduced "green transition upgrade loans" with interest rates tied to the customer's progress in decreasing carbon emissions.

Personal Carbon Account: The bank created a "personal carbon account" offering that allows users to measure and reduce their carbon footprint by assessing environmentally beneficial behavior.

Green Finance Talent Development: BOC has established a green finance talent system that includes specialized training, innovative competitions, and ESG education for its employees. 

International Green Cooperation: It takes part in important worldwide ESG efforts, such as the United Nations Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB) and the "Belt and Road" green investment guidelines. By following these rules, banks align with international standards such as the Paris Agreement and global ESG norms. This boosts institutional credibility, transparency, and investor confidence.

Green Product and Service Portfolio: BOC provides a diverse portfolio of green products across five categories: green deposits, green loans, green bonds, green consumption, and integrated green services.

                                                                                                    Source:(Bank of China, 2024)

The video below showcases green banking practices and how they contribute to achieving a sustainable future.

                                  (Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPsneWarnzs)

  

       Lessons for Sri Lanka from Global Best Practices in Green HRM

Key Learning Area	What Sri Lanka Can Adopt	Why This Matters
Leadership-Level Sustainability Governance	Appointing Chief Sustainability Officers, forming climate councils, and including sustainability-linked KPIs for senior managers increase accountability and embed environmental responsibility in the bank's strategic decision-making rather than just compliance.	Drives responsibility and integrates sustainability into strategy, not simply compliance.
Advanced ESG Training	Introduce advanced technical modules such as climate risk modelling and ESG analytics, along with mandatory ESG upskilling, to enhance employees’ expertise in sustainability-driven banking practices. Follow "Belt and Road" green investment guidelines.	Builds deep climate competencies essential for sustainable lending and risk assessment.
Employee Sustainability Networks	Establish employee ambassador programmes, comparable as HSBC's 500-member sustainability ambassador effort, to encourage widespread environmental engagement among employees.	Increases internal engagement, culture change, and continuous green innovation.
Digital Tools	Adopt tools similar to carbon tracking apps for employees and customers.	Supports evidence-based sustainability decisions and measurable impact tracking.
Large-Scale Green Financing	Offer innovative financial products targeting low-carbon, renewable energy, and sustainable projects.	Allocate substantial capital toward environmentally sustainable projects, generating a powerful multiplier effect for both the national economy and the planet.
Green Training Programs	Provide continuous training for staff on environmental risk assessment, sustainable lending, and green banking practices to build expertise and reinforce a culture of sustainability.	equip employees with the knowledge and skills to implement sustainable practices and support the bank’s environmental goals.
Renewable Energy Tax Credit Transfers	Sri Lankan policymakers could explore incentives similar to tax credit transfers to attract private financing for renewable energy projects.	Mobilize private investment, lower project costs, and accelerate the implementation of clean energy initiatives.

      Future Green HRM Directions for Sri Lankan Banks

Green Innovation Labs for Employees: Create internal labs or incubators where employees may develop, test, and implement environmentally friendly banking solutions such as digital sustainability tools, low-carbon loan products, or energy-efficient branch designs.

Sustainability-related performance metrics:  Introduce KPIs for all employees that are linked to sustainability results, such as paper reduction targets, energy savings, or green product adoption, to align performance management with environmental goals.  

Employee Carbon Footprint Tracking: Use apps or dashboards to track employees' environmental effect (commuting, energy use, and travel) and provide incentives for lowering carbon footprints, boosting participation and accountability.

Cross-Functional ESG Mentorship Programs: Sustainability experts work with employees from many departments to develop ESG knowledge and green leadership abilities, as well as to foster an innovative and environmentally responsible culture.

Gamification of Green Practices: Create digital challenges and reward systems for employees that actively participate in recycling, tree planting, energy conservation, or sustainable finance activities, making sustainability more interesting and measurable.

Integration of AI for Green Decision Making:  Use AI-powered analytics to direct credit allocation to low-carbon projects, evaluate ESG risks, and assist staff in making environmentally responsible financing decisions.

Collaborative Community Green Initiatives: Encourage employees to take part in community-based environmental projects such as local reforestation, clean energy adoption programs, and biodiversity protection, linking human resource development to social and environmental impact.

      

      Conclusion

    In conclusion, GHRM is essential for embedding sustainability into banking operations and motivating employees toward eco-friendly practices. Lessons from Sri Lankan and global banks underscore the impact of green training, digital tools, and community initiatives. Implementing these strategies strengthens organizational culture, stakeholder trust, and long-term environmental performance.

      References

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    Bank of China, 2024. Annual Report, Beijing: Bank of China.

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[Accessed 20 11 2025].

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[Accessed 22 11 2025].

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